Why invest in "green" companies?

I feel quite strongly that we all need to be conscious of how we treat the planet we call home. Pollution is making breathing the air and drinking the water dangerous to our health. Modern “big agriculture”, using antibiotics and hormones as staple ingredients of animal feed, has made eating a pork chop or a chicken breast the equivalent of taking a prescription drug(no prescription needed). The systematic use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the fields has done the same for commercial vegetable and grain crops. All of these chemicals, along with all of the OTC and prescription drugs and vitamins that pass through everyone’s toilets, go on to become part of our drinking water supply.

This is why I think it is important for everyone who invests in the stock market to take a long, hard look at “green” investing. Companies that are trying to minimize the damage done to the earth deserve to be supported. It is not a hardship: there are thousands of publicly trades companies on the U.S. stock exchanges involved in the “green” movement. Plenty of diversity can found and more companies are turning up every day.

I take a fairly wide-angle view of what is “green”. My current watch list of companies that I will invest in numbers slightly over 200 and grows daily as I discover new opportunities. Industries on my list include: batteries, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, water power, wave power, electric vehicles, fuel cells, kinetic energy storage(flywheels), smart grid, LED lighting, rare earth mineral mining(necessary for semiconductors), wireless network & storage(necessary to smart grid), water treatment/recovery/efficiency, ocean transport(more efficient than flying), organic/sustainable agriculture, green packaging and a few more. There are also many tech companies that supply needed components to solar, wind, water and other industries. I also list cleaner, more efficient current technologies such as internal combustion engines designed to run on natural gas or natural gas turbine engines designed for vehicle use.

Many of these “green” technologies have been lagging the general stock market. This is not because the companies involved have bad management, or lack sales revenues or solid profits, or do not have ample opportunity for future expansion. The reason their stock prices are lagging is because people do not yet believe in them enough to put their money into company stock. This needs to change. If we believe in the products we need to believe in the companies making the products.

The situation seems to just be reaching a tipping point. As word of China’s stranglehold on rare-earth mineral production reaches a greater audience, previously little-known companies like Avalon Rare Metal Inc. and Great Western Minerals Group are seeing more interest and slow, steady share price increases. A123 Systems Inc., a maker of lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, announced the opening of a new production plant in Livonia, Michigan dedicated to batteries for electric vehicles and the $7.36/share stock shot up $0.65/share in one day. When Westport Innovations, designers of natural gas conversions for commercial diesel engines, signed a partnership agreement with Cummins to build heavy truck and equipment engines their shares saw a substantial and maintained price increase.

“Green” companies are the wave of the future. The writing is on the wall and there is really no choice. Companies like Walmart are using hydrogen and fuel cell fork lifts and more-efficient semi’s and Frito Lay is using an electric truck delivery fleet in New York City and the U.S. military is installing solar and wind power on its bases. The only real question is: how long will you wait before investing in these companies? Why not get in now while there is maximum upside and the support will make a real difference to the company? I invest every dollar with the intention of that dollar making me more money and it is certainly possible to do that within the “green” sphere of companies.

More efficient lighting with LEDs

The future of lighting, all kinds of lighting, is LED’s. Only a major and totally unanticipated discovery would prevent LED’s taking the place of incandescent and fluorescent lighting during the next five years. LED’s will soon dominate the lighting industry because they are much more energy-efficient, they stay cool, they are small and light-weight, and they are more earth-friendly to manufacture and dispose.

Energy-efficiency and operating temperature are closely linked. Incandescent light bulbs waste approximately 90% of the electricity used producing heat instead of light. Fluorescent bulbs waste nearly half of their power as heat. LED’s produce light with more than 90% of their electrical draw. This enormously reduces the amount of energy needed to light an area while also reducing the energy needed the keep that same area cool. The lights themselves are now quite expensive but the energy savings will make up for the price difference. Prices will rapidly decline as demand and production increase(remember how “expensive” compact fluorescent bulbs were when first introduced?).

Longevity is the LED’s forte. Most currently being sold will last at least five years if never turned off. For most businesses, changing dead light bulbs is a daily or weekly(at least monthly) necessity. Switching to LED lights could allow a maintenance department to forget how to change a light bulb. How many saved labor hours, reduced storage space and inventory could this be worth to the average business? How much aggravation and space could be saved in the average home?

These are the reasons for the “LED Section” of my investing watch-list. I now monitor: Cree, Inc.(CREE) of Durham, NC; Veeco Instruments, Inc.(VECO) of New York, NY; Carmanah Tech Corp.(CMHXF) of Victoria, BC, Canada; XODTEC LED, Inc.(XODG) of Taiwan; Obelux of Helsinki, Finland and Bridgelux of Sunnyvale, CA. My not-so-secret wish is that Obelux and Bridgelux go public in the near future. These companies should all have a very bright future in the lighting industry.

Veeco Instruments makes the equipment other companies need to produce LED lights. Cree is one of the oldest and best established LED lighting manufacturers. Carmanah specializes in self-contained solar-powered outdoor LED lighting units. Obelux specializes in aviation and architectural lighting and has just announced a 200,000 candela white LED aviation marker light that is Federal Aviation Administration approved and uses just 350 Watts. Bridgelux is lead by ex-Seagate Technology CEO Bill Watkins and has already applied for over 250 patents covering various aspects of LED light production.

Stock market performance of these companies has been less than stellar so far. This is expected in with just-emerging technologies. As a greater variety of products becomes available, product prices drop and the importance of energy-efficiency increases, share prices of these companies should soar. I continue to wait and watch and monitor new developments within the industry.

Large private-sector companies and governments, led by the military, will undoubtedly be the early-adopters of large-scale LED lighting, followed by smaller companies and then individuals. Starbucks has already committed to making the switch in all of its stores. The U.S. Navy has committed to LED lighting on its combat ships. Many more forward-thinking organizations will soon figure out the many advantages of LED lights even at present prices. By the time they have to change the first dead light, replacement prices will probably have dropped by 60% or more and the initial investment will have been repaid several times over in energy savings.

These are exciting times in the world of batteries

Batteries play a major and very under-rated role in our everyday lives. With many “green” technologies dependent on battery power storage(think electric cars and reliable, on-demand supply to the grid from wind and solar power installations) the importance of batteries will only grow. These are the reasons I am bullish on battery stocks even though the general market seems to be taking a much more wait-and-see approach.

Some of the companies that I invest in on my current watch list involved in battery production include Advanced Battery Technology(ABAT), Braskem SA(BAK), Valence Technology(VLNC), Ener1(HEV) and A123 Systems(AONE). I usually own shares in at least one of these companies. These companies cover a range from traditional lead-acid batteries to ever-more-common lithium-ion batteries to cutting-edge research on totally new power storage solutions. All of these technologies will play a big role in the coming years.

One exciting recent discovery took place at MIT. A common virus was used as a bio-template for preparing lithium ion battery anodes and cathodes in plain water at room temperature. Batteries produced this way could be made into any shape, including woven into fabrics. Imagine wearing a rechargeable vest that could power a laptop and smart-phone. This technology would also allow the outer casing of a camera or phone to double as the battery. The process eliminates the need for high temperatures and noxious chemicals during the battery manufacturing contest and the batteries stay much cooler during use, reducing the chances of fires(remember those laptops bursting into flames?).

Philadelphia is about to start a project with a novel use of batteries – subway stops will be equipped with high-capacity batteries(1-1.5MW) to capture electrical power produced by the brakes of the trains approaching the stations. The power stored in the batteries will then be reused to accelerate the trains as they leave. The new system is expected to save the city a considerable amount on its power bill and might even be able to feed some power back into the grid. The Pennsylvania Energy Development Authority has awarded a $900,000 grant to Viridity Energy to construct the system. It is expected to be in use by next spring.

Xcel Energy is already using a bank of sulfur/sodium batteries from NGK Insulators of Japan to smooth out the supply of electricity from an 11MW Minnesota wind farm. The batteries can store 7.2MW-hours of power. They are the size of two semi trailers and weigh 80 tons. Price of the batteries was $4-million. Xcel is planning to test a similar battery bank with a large solar array near the Denver airport.

A new way to harvest solar energy

A new and much more efficient way to convert solar energy into electricity has been discovered. The process is called Photon Enhanced Thermionic Emission(PETE). PETE could double or even triple the current efficiency of photovoltaic conversion by also taking advantage of the heat that usually goes to waste. Another plus is that PETE becomes more efficient at high temperatures while current photovoltaic technology becomes less efficient at increasing temperatures.

PETE is achieved by coating the photovoltaic semiconductor material with a thin layer of cesium. Research continues on which semiconductor materials work best for this process. PETE seems to work well at temperatures as high as 800C. The added efficiency over current photovoltaic materials could finally make solar price-competitive with oil. The new process uses already-existing and easily available materials and has been tested in southern California's Mojave Desert.

The research is being done by a joint venture of Stanford and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The work is funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Department of Energy. The original paper was published in Nature Materials after a success
ful demonstration of PETE.

photo courtesy of: freephoto.com

My Personal Investing Strategy Ingredients

I have overhauled my stock investing strategy and portfolio to better reflect my environmental and political beliefs and the realities of the current investing market. Investing in what you know and are comfortable with, I still strongly believe, is the way to success. I know the technology and energy sectors and environmental science issues. Intense self education let me shift from my former “buy & hold good undervalued companies” to my current “buy when it’s down and take reasonable profits before it goes farther down”.

Converting the portfolio is an interesting and ongoing process. I developed a list of several hundred companies that fit my criteria. These companies are directly or peripherally involved with: solar power, wind power, geothermal power, “next-generation” nuclear power, fuel cells, batteries, flywheel energy storage, electric vehicles, hydrogen/natural gas vehicles, smart grid, organic agriculture, sustainable aquaculture, water treatment and supply, waste management, and a variety of other earth-friendly fields. There are plenty of companies to choose from in all of the above listed areas. These companies are diversified enough to not leave me vulnerable to a crash of one market sector. These are definitely growth industries on a global scale and are also geographically diversified.

Converting the investing strategy is more difficult, but it is obvious to me that the days of buying shares of a good company at a bargain price and knowing that they would be worth much more in five or ten years is a thing of the past. This is very much a mental adjustment for me. In today’s stock market investors must be light on their feet. Investors must keep well informed about business/investing and larger global issues. Investors, to be successful, cannot become emotionally attached to the companies in which they are investing.

I am benefiting from these changes. I feel good investing in companies that improve the situation for everyone. I am more confident and more successful for specializing in the “green” niche: I can know the companies in greater depth, have a better “feel” of the business issues involved and better see things in context. I was formerly a generalist but now understand the advantages of being more specialized as an investor.